Quiz 1

Quiz 1

Question 1

Critical thinking is a rich concept that has been developing throughout the past 2500 years ago. Also it’s that mode of thinking about any subject, content or problem in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing and reconstructing it. Critical thinking involves a wide range of skills and attitudes that includes:

1- Being able to read between lines and recognizing false or unfair assumptions.
2- Presenting a point of a view in a structured and reasonable way that convinces others.

Question 2

1- Misunderstanding of what is meant by criticism: The criticism means always making negative comment. But identifying the negative and positive aspects means the critical thinking.

2- Over estimating our own reasoning abilities: Most of us think of ourselves as rational being. We always believe that our belief system and reasoning system are the best.

3- The emotional attitude.

4- Social conditioning.
5- Egocentric thinking.

Question 3

Fallacies are mistakes of reasoning, as opposed to making mistakes that are of a factual nature. If I counted 20 people in the room when there were in fact 21, then I made a factual mistake. On the other hand, if I believe that there are round squares, I believe something that is inconsistent. This is a mistake of reasoning and fallacy, since I should not have believed something inconsistent if my reasoning is good.

1- ‘you too’ theory: This is an attempt to justify wrong action because someone else also does it.
2- Confusing association with cause: like stating that the increase of the use of drugs among young people is due to unemployment or poverty.

3- Argument from personal inability to understand.
4- Personalization of the argument.
5- No connection between the argument and the conclusion.

Question 4

1- More focused reading.
2- Improved attention and observation.
3- Improved ability to respond to the appropriate points in a message.
4- Knowledge of how to get your point across.
5- Skills of analysis that you can choose to apply in a variety in situations.

Critical thinking entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.